Changelog
What we add, what we fix, and what we improve. A transparent record so readers can see how the site evolves.
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Tier 3 Session 3.3 — Privacy + scaling (10 new learn topics)
Ten new learn-topic entries on privacy and scaling. monero-privacy-deep covers XMR's mandatory-privacy design, three primitives (ring signatures + stealth addresses + Bulletproofs), chain analysis attack vectors, view keys for selective disclosure, RandomX and fork culture, atomic swaps, and legal considerations. zcash-architecture covers Sprout → Sapling → Orchard evolution, the trusted setup problem and Halo 2 breakthrough eliminating it, shielded pool mechanics and anonymity set challenges, ECC vs Zcash Foundation split, and broader ZK ecosystem influence. tornado-cash-mechanics covers Merkle deposit-mix architecture, August 2022 OFAC sanctions on immutable smart contracts, Van Loon v. Treasury November 2024 ruling partially reversing OFAC's authority, developer prosecutions (Pertsev, Storm), broader DeFi chilling effect, and Privacy Pools compliance middle-ground. aztec-and-railway covers Aztec's zk-rollup approach with Noir language, mixed public/private state model, Railway's stealth-address model for existing L1 tokens, proof-of-innocence features, client-side proving costs, and composability challenges with existing DeFi. lightning-network-deep covers Bitcoin's payment channel mechanics, HTLC multi-hop routing, liquidity management, LSP infrastructure (Voltage, Amboss, Alby), custodial vs non-custodial divide, adoption reality vs 2018 forecasts, watchtowers, splicing/wumbo improvements. liquid-network covers Blockstream's Bitcoin sidechain, federation model (~15 members), Bulletproofs-based confidential transactions, asset issuance (L-USDt), peg-in/out mechanics, Rootstock comparison, and adoption niche. validium-plasma-state-channels covers the scaling designs that lost to rollups — Validium's data availability trade-off, Plasma's unsolvable mass exit problem, state channels' online requirement, and StarkEx Validium's production niche. app-chains-and-raas covers Cosmos-style app-chain thesis, modern RaaS providers (Caldera, Conduit, AltLayer, Gelato), OP Stack / ZK Stack / Orbit / CDK framework choices, sequencer revenue economics, fragmentation costs, Superchain/Hyperchain coordination. cosmos-ibc-and-ics covers IBC's light-client cross-chain messaging model, why it's structurally different from bridges, Interchain Security's rent-security-from-Hub model, Mesh Security extensions, CosmWasm-based IBC extensions, and adoption traction outside Cosmos. polkadot-parachains covers Relay Chain shared security model, XCM cross-consensus messaging, original slot auction economics and 2-year DOT locks, transition to agile coretime market, Substrate framework, Kusama canary network, adoption lag vs Ethereum L2s. Added 7 new glossary entries (ring-signature, bulletproofs, shielded-pool, payment-channel, htlc, ibc, parachain). Glossary 322 → 329. All 10 topics added to topicRelationships. Stat updates: about page (95 → 105 Educational Topics, 322 → 329 Glossary Terms), llms.txt + llms-full.txt sections, start-here label, opengraph badge. Page count 372 → 382.
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Tier 3 Session 3.2 — Macro + tokenomics (10 new learn topics)
Ten new learn-topic entries on macro and tokenomics. token-velocity covers MV=PQ math, velocity sinks vs faucets, empirical comparison across categories (BTC lowest, stablecoins highest), and the sinks/faucets mapping framework for token evaluation. real-yield covers GMX/Synthetix/dYdX/Frax/Curve revenue distribution models, yield sustainability analysis (fee revenue vs staked market cap), buyback-and-burn vs direct distribution mechanisms, real yield premium dynamics, and treasury yield distinction. ve-tokenomics covers Curve's veCRV pioneer (amount × time formula), gauge voting mechanism, ve(3,3) Velodrome variants, liquid lockers (Convex cvxCRV), meta-governance accumulation, ve bribery markets, and structural limitations (capital lockup, plutocracy). bonding-curves covers mathematical pricing without orderbooks, common shapes (linear/quadratic/exponential/sigmoid), pump.fun mechanics with graduation to Raydium, Bancor's constant reserve ratio, MEV vulnerability, and the structural reality that late buyers provide exit liquidity to early buyers. ohm-style-forks covers OlympusDAO's bonding+rebases+POL design, the 99%+ collapse, (3,3) game theory's naive treatment of rational defection, inverse bonds as failed treasury defence, and what survived (POL concept). gauge-wars covers Curve Wars, Convex's strategic position, bribery markets (Votium, Hidden Hand), spread to Balancer (Aura/veBAL) and L2s (Velodrome, Aerodrome), multi-layer meta-governance, and concentration risks. gamefi-tokenomics-failures covers Axie Infinity peak and collapse trajectory, StepN's similar pattern, the structural dual-token Ponzi shape, yield guild ecosystem peak and collapse, and the sustainable crypto gaming path (play-to-own vs play-to-earn distinction). dao-treasury-management covers UNI/ARB/OP/Maker treasury composition, native-token concentration problems, RWA integration (MakerDAO → Treasuries), Optimism RetroPGF as retroactive funding model, professional treasury services (Karpatkey, Llama), and attack vectors. four-year-cycle-history covers 2012/2016/2020/2024 halving cycles and trajectories, S2F model rise and partial fall, bear market patterns, diminishing-returns hypothesis (100x → 30x → 8x → ~1.6x), and institutional era cycle dynamics. halving-market-behaviour covers mechanical effects of each halving, pre vs post-halving dynamics, mining economics restructuring, 2024 cycle's unique features (ETFs, macro, smaller multiplier), 2028 halving outlook, and practical cycle-management principles. Added 6 new glossary entries (token-velocity, real-yield, ve-tokenomics, bonding-curve, gauge-wars, stock-to-flow). Glossary 316 → 322. Other planned terms (halving) already existed. All 10 topics added to topicRelationships. Stat updates: about page (85 → 95 Educational Topics, 316 → 322 Glossary Terms), llms.txt + llms-full.txt sections, start-here label, opengraph badge. Page count 362 → 372.
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Tier 3 Session 3.1 — Trading + market structure (10 new learn topics)
First Tier 3 session: 10 new learn-topic entries on trading and market structure. Several topic slugs were reshaped from the original plan to avoid duplicating Tier 2 content (perpetual mechanics, funding rates, MEV-Share). options-greeks-onchain covers delta/gamma/vega/theta, on-chain options protocols (Lyra AMM model, Aevo orderbook, Premia concentrated liquidity, Hegic simpler), IV skew differences between crypto and equities, capital efficiency challenges vs Deribit portfolio margin, and the structural unfavourability of retail options trading. twap-vwap-execution covers execution-algo math, DCA-equivalence framing, on-chain TWAP via smart contracts (CoW TWAP, DCA Stack) and bots, iceberg orders, adaptive algorithms, intent-based execution as the modern path. amm-curves-compared covers constant product (Uniswap V2), concentrated liquidity (V3, V4), StableSwap (Curve), Curve V2 crypto-crypto pools, Balancer weighted pools, V4 hooks as programmable AMM design, JIT liquidity MEV pattern, IL across designs, toxic vs uninformed flow economics. volatility-products covers variance swaps, DOVs (Ribbon, Friktion historical, Stake DAO), vol tokens (Volmex BVIV/EVIV), realised vs implied vol math, vol surface trading, vol of vol, structural tail risk of short-vol strategies. dollar-cost-averaging-mechanics covers DCA vs lump-sum math (lump-sum wins 65-70% historically), BTC empirical history, on-chain automation, behavioural finance reasons DCA outperforms in practice, value averaging as sophisticated cousin, DCA frequency optimisation, DCA-out as symmetric strategy. portfolio-rebalancing-systematics covers rebalancing premium math, calendar vs threshold vs hybrid methods, Balancer/TokenSets/Yearn automation, tax-aware rebalancing, risk-parity and vol-targeting strategies, crypto-specific considerations. prediction-market-mechanics covers Polymarket (~$3B 2024 election volume), Augur original on-chain attempt, Kalshi centralised US-regulated alternative, UMA oracle resolution and disputes, information vs sentiment debate, manipulation vectors, settlement edge cases. basis-trade-deep covers cash-and-carry mechanics, capital requirements, perpetual funding rate basis, FTX 2022 counterparty risk lesson, cross-venue and cross-asset basis, basis compression in 2024-2025 from ETF flows, US tax treatment differential (Section 1256). options-vs-perps covers cost comparison (funding vs theta), risk structure differences (linear vs asymmetric), path dependency, capital efficiency, Greek-equivalent synthetic positions, vol-regime and funding-cycle effects on relative attractiveness, decision-framework discipline. market-makers-and-spreads covers MM business model (Wintermute, Jump, GSR, Cumberland, Amber), spread economics (inventory + adverse selection + capital + operations), MM competition and spread compression, latency and co-location, MM behaviour as market-structure read, FTX collapse's effect on MM risk practices. Added 8 new glossary entries (delta, gamma, vega, theta, vwap, implied-volatility, basis-trade, prediction-market) — 308 → 316. Other planned terms (twap, market-maker) already existed. All 10 topics added to topicRelationships. Stat updates: about page (75 → 85 Educational Topics, 308 → 316 Glossary Terms), llms.txt + llms-full.txt sections, start-here label, opengraph badge. Page count 352 → 362.
/learn/basics/learn/options-greeks-onchain/learn/twap-vwap-execution/learn/amm-curves-compared/learn/volatility-products/learn/dollar-cost-averaging-mechanics/learn/portfolio-rebalancing-systematics/learn/prediction-market-mechanics/learn/basis-trade-deep/learn/options-vs-perps/learn/market-makers-and-spreads - Added
Tier 2 Session 2.6 — NFTs + Stablecoins depth (6 new learn topics) — TIER 2 COMPLETE
Six new learn-topic entries on advanced NFT standards and stablecoin designs. This session completes Tier 2 of the content roadmap. erc-721a-and-compressed-nfts covers ERC-721A's range-encoded ownership for batch-mint gas optimisation, Solana cNFTs via state compression with off-chain Merkle trees, DAS API unification, ERC-1155 + ERC-2309 alternatives, and use-case-driven selection criteria. erc-6551-token-bound-accounts covers NFT-owned smart contract wallets, registry pattern for deterministic address computation, implementation diversity, ERC-4337 composition, cross-chain TBA semantics, and the 'don't add TBA complexity unless the use case requires it' principle. ordinals-inscriptions-brc20 covers Casey Rodarmor's January 2023 Ordinals protocol, satoshi numbering and inscription mechanics via commit+reveal Taproot transactions, BRC-20 fungible token JSON inscriptions, the April 2024 Runes successor protocol, indexer-dependent state model, and the cultural/strategic debate within Bitcoin core developers. algorithmic-stablecoin-failures-deep catalogues Terra/UST ($40B+ May 2022), Iron Finance ($2B+ June 2021), USDR (October 2023), ESD, Basis, Beanstalk, Fei — analysing the structural failure pattern (reflexivity + bank-run dynamics + subsidy dependence), Anchor's 19.5% APY role in UST adoption, and MiCA's explicit prohibition post-Terra. delta-neutral-stablecoins covers Ethena's sUSDe model — spot ETH/BTC hedged via short perpetuals capturing funding-rate yield, multi-venue hedge distribution, ENA token economics, and structural risks (funding reversal, exchange counterparty, execution disruption). liquid-staking-tokens-and-restaking covers Lido stETH dominance (>30% of staked ETH), Rocket Pool rETH's bonded operator model, EigenLayer's AVS marketplace launched 2024 mainnet, LRT layering (Ether.fi, Renzo, Kelp), concentration and rehypothecation tail risks. Added 7 new glossary entries (compressed-nft, token-bound-account, ordinals, brc-20, delta-neutral, liquid-staking-token, restaking was already present). Glossary 302 → 309. All 6 topics added to topicRelationships. Stat updates: about page (69 → 75 Educational Topics, 302 → 309 Glossary Terms), llms.txt + llms-full.txt sections, start-here label, opengraph badge. Page count 346 → 352. Tier 2 critical learn-topic gaps fully closed — 38 new topics shipped across 6 sessions (2.1 foundational, 2.2 cryptography, 2.3 DeFi mechanics, 2.4 L2 specifics, 2.5 non-EVM platforms, 2.6 NFTs + stablecoins).
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Tier 2 Session 2.5 — Non-EVM platforms (7 new learn topics)
Seven new learn-topic entries on non-EVM smart contract platforms. solana-programs-and-anchor covers Sealevel parallel execution via declared account dependencies, the program/state separation, Anchor framework dominance, SPL Token + Token-2022, BPF Loader Upgradeable, the outage history (Jan 2022, Feb 2023, Feb 2024) and improvement, Firedancer's emergence as a second independent client, and the centralisation vs throughput trade-off. move-language covers Move's resource type system that prevents copy/destroy bugs at compile time, Aptos's Block-STM vs Sui's object model divergence, Move Prover's best-in-class formal verification, the Diem heritage, and the comparison to Solidity bug classes. cairo-and-starknet-contracts covers Cairo 1.0+ as a Rust-inspired language for STARK proving, native account abstraction with custom IAccount implementations, the Cairo 0 vs Cairo 1+ split, starknet-foundry + scarb tooling, and the 2-3 month Solidity-to-Cairo migration reality. cosmwasm-and-cosmos-contracts covers Cosmos's sovereign-chain thesis, CosmWasm's WASM contracts in Rust, IBC as the most production-tested cross-chain protocol, the actor model and async message passing, Interchain Security + Mesh Security for bootstrapping, Sei's hybrid EVM+CosmWasm + parallel execution, and the modest TVL reality. cardano-plutus-utxo-contracts covers EUTxO concurrency constraints (one tx per UTXO per block) and the multi-UTXO splitting pattern, Aiken's emergence over Haskell-Plutus, formal verification heritage from Diem, Hydra L2's isomorphic state channels, and Cardano-specific bug classes (double satisfaction, datum poisoning, UTXO contention). near-contract-model covers Nightshade sharding, Rust+WASM contracts with async cross-contract calls, storage staking as the state-bloat solution, native account abstraction predating ERC-4337, BOS as the decentralised-frontend bet, and Chain Signatures via threshold MPC for cross-chain control. icp-canister-model covers ICP's combined compute+storage+HTTP-serving canister primitive, reverse gas model where canisters pay for computation, native HTTP outcalls with consensus, chain-key Bitcoin and Ethereum, the DFINITY centralisation debate that requires substantive evaluation, and the modest DeFi TVL reality. Added 6 new glossary entries (move-resource, anchor-framework, cairo, cosmwasm, eutxo, canister) — 296 → 302. All 7 topics added to topicRelationships. Stat updates: about page (62 → 69 Educational Topics, 296 → 302 Glossary Terms), llms.txt + llms-full.txt sections, start-here label, opengraph badge. Page count 339 → 346.
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Tier 2 Session 2.4 — Layer 2 specifics (6 new learn topics)
Six new learn-topic entries on production L2 architectures. zksync-era-architecture covers the Boojum STARK+SNARK hybrid prover, native account abstraction at the protocol level, EVM compatibility caveats, ZK Stack and Hyperchains as the Era equivalent of OP Stack, sequencer decentralisation roadmap, and the broader ZK rollup landscape positioning. starknet-architecture covers the Cairo VM and its polynomial-friendly register-based design, native account abstraction throughout (Argent, Braavos), Madara as the modular framework, end-to-end STARK proofs without SNARK wrapping, volition DA model, and the Cairo learning curve trade-off. arbitrum-nitro covers Nitro's Geth-on-WASM architecture, BoLD permissionless fault proofs shipped 2025, Stylus's Rust/C++ WASM contracts with 100x efficiency for compute-heavy ops, Orbit framework for new chains, sequencer + delayed-inbox model, and Arbitrum's structural TVL lead. optimism-bedrock-and-superchain covers Bedrock's modular architecture, the 2024 fault-proof deployment, OP Stack components (op-geth, op-node, dispute games, swappable DA), Superchain interop via cross-domain messengers, the bicameral Optimism Collective governance (Token House + Citizen House), the 15% sequencer-fee tax, and the OP Stack open-source strategy. base-architecture covers Base as Coinbase's OP Stack chain, the exchange-account integration as the core differentiator, Smart Wallet's passkey-based ERC-4337 model, Stage 0 → Stage 1 → Stage 2 rollup classification, no BASE token strategic choice, regulatory positioning, Arbitrum vs Base duopoly framing. linea-and-polygon-zkevm covers both production Type 2 zkEVMs, prover technology differences (gnark/Vortex vs PLONK with custom gates), ecosystem strategies (Consensys/MetaMask distribution vs Polygon AggLayer), Polygon CDK framework, Polygon 2.0 reframing, and developer-choice considerations across the broader zkEVM landscape. Added 5 new glossary entries (zkevm, op-stack, superchain, fault-proof, optimistic-rollup) — 291 → 296. All 6 topics added to topicRelationships. Stat updates: about page (56 → 62 Educational Topics, 291 → 296 Glossary Terms), llms.txt + llms-full.txt sections, start-here label, opengraph badge. Page count 333 → 339.
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Tier 2 Session 2.3 — DeFi mechanics (7 new learn topics)
Seven new learn-topic entries on DeFi mechanics. cdp-lifecycle covers CDP three-number model (collateral, debt, ratio), MakerDAO stability fees, Liquidations 2.0 Dutch auctions, Liquity's no-fee immutable alternative, the 2020 Black Thursday post-mortem, recursive borrowing as the canonical loss path, LST collateral risk, and MEV-driven keeper economics. perpetual-swap-mechanics covers funding rates as the spot-peg mechanism, mark vs index vs last-trade pricing, insurance funds and auto-deleveraging, cross vs isolated margin, on-chain perp landscape (dYdX/GMX/Hyperliquid/Synthetix), funding-rate manipulation in one-sided OI, and the structural unfavourability of retail leverage. intent-based-architectures covers CoW Swap batch auctions, UniswapX Dutch auctions, solver architectures, ERC-7683, MEV-protection via mempool bypass, cross-chain intents, composable patterns (limit orders, DCA, conditional triggers). mev-share-mechanics covers Flashbots-style metadata sharing, hints + privacy levels, backrunning vs sandwiching distinction, OFA landscape (MEV Blocker, Flashbots Protect), builder-side economics, cross-domain MEV-Share, encrypted-mempool endgame. solver-networks covers Wintermute/Propeller/Barter/Selini, edge sources (private quoters, multi-hop, inventory matching), batch vs Dutch vs RFQ selection mechanisms, gas economics, the top-3-solver concentration concern as the central 2025-2026 DEX market-structure debate. liquidation-cascades covers the self-amplifying mechanism, Black Thursday + May 19 2021 + August 5 2024 case studies, cross-venue cascade dynamics, funding-rate precursors, reflexive feedback loops via stablecoin demand and LP drawdowns, macro-driven correlation. flash-loan-economics covers atomicity-enabled zero-collateral borrowing, legitimate uses (arbitrage, collateral swaps, refinancing, self-liquidation), flash-loan amplification of exploits (Beanstalk as the canonical case), defences (TWAP oracles, snapshot voting, block-delay governance), and cross-VM flash-loan economics. Added 2 new glossary entries (cdp, mev-share) — 289 → 291. Other planned terms (funding-rate, solver, intent, liquidation-cascade) already existed. All 7 topics added to topicRelationships. Stat updates: about page (49 → 56 Educational Topics, 289 → 291 Glossary Terms), llms.txt + llms-full.txt sections, start-here label, opengraph badge. Page count 326 → 333.
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Tier 2 Session 2.2 — Cryptography depth (6 new learn topics)
Six new learn-topic entries on the cryptographic primitives that underpin modern crypto. ecdsa-vs-eddsa-vs-bls covers the three signature schemes you'll meet across the stack — secp256k1 ECDSA (Bitcoin, Ethereum EOAs), Ed25519 EdDSA (Solana, Cardano, modern wallets), and BLS12-381 (Ethereum consensus aggregation, Filecoin), with detail on Schnorr/Taproot, rogue-key attacks, proofs of possession, and post-quantum considerations. zk-snark-vs-zk-stark-vs-plonk covers proof-system tradeoffs — trusted setup vs transparency, proof size vs verifier cost, PLONK's universal setup and its descendant zoo (Halo2, plonky2, HyperPlonk), folding schemes (Nova), field choice (Goldilocks), and the production mapping across zkSync/StarkNet/Polygon zkEVM/Scroll/Aztec. threshold-signatures-and-mpc covers DKG, GG18/GG20 for ECDSA, FROST for Schnorr, proactive refresh, malicious-adversary security, Shamir secret sharing foundations, and the institutional custody stack (Fireblocks, ZenGo, Lit Protocol). verifiable-random-functions covers Chainlink VRF, ECVRF (RFC 9381), block-field randomness pitfalls, Algorand's VRF leader selection, drand distributed beacons, and the VRF/VDF/commit-reveal trade space. hash-functions-compared covers SHA-256/Keccak/Blake3/Poseidon, why Poseidon exists for ZK contexts, construction families (Merkle-Damgård/Sponge/Tree/Arithmetic), and Grover's algorithm. stealth-addresses-and-confidential-tx covers Monero's stealth address model, ERC-5564, Pedersen commitments, Bulletproofs, the full privacy stack, and the post-Tornado-Cash (Van Loon v. Treasury) regulatory landscape. Added 6 new glossary entries (ecdsa, bls-signature, mpc, vrf, poseidon, stealth-address) — 283 → 289. All 6 topics added to topicRelationships. Stat updates: about page (43 → 49 Educational Topics, 283 → 289 Glossary Terms), llms.txt + llms-full.txt sections, start-here label, opengraph badge. Page count 320 → 326.
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Tier 2 Session 2.1 — Foundational mechanics (6 new learn topics)
First Tier 2 session: 6 new learn-topic entries covering the foundational mechanics that the original content audit identified as critical gaps. Each follows the established three-tier (beginner / intermediate / advanced) EducationalSection pattern with paragraphs, headings, lists, callouts, and keyTakeaways summary blocks. New entries: utxo-vs-account-model (Bitcoin's UTXO vs Ethereum's account model — parallelism, replay protection, smart-contract ergonomics, Cardano EUTxO, Solana's account-with-declarations); eip-4844-proto-danksharding (the March 2024 Dencun upgrade, blob space, KZG commitments, ~10x L2 fee reduction, blob fee market, full danksharding roadmap); account-abstraction-erc4337 (ERC-4337 architecture with UserOps + Bundlers + EntryPoint, paymasters for gas abstraction, signature abstraction enabling passkeys/BLS/threshold, EIP-7702 EOA-compatible variant); data-availability-sampling (DAS basics, erasure coding, KZG commitments, Celestia/EigenDA/Avail ecosystem, Ethereum's full-danksharding roadmap with PeerDAS); finality-and-fork-handling (probabilistic vs absolute finality, Ethereum's slot/epoch/justification/finalisation model, reorg incidence, MEV reorg incentives, Single-Slot Finality research, Cosmos Tendermint comparison, inactivity leak); state-pruning-and-expiry (archive vs full vs light nodes, EIP-4444 history expiry, state expiry, Verkle trees, stateless clients, Portal Network, Solana rent comparison). Added 3 new glossary entries (utxo, reorg, state-bloat) — 280 → 283; (account-abstraction, blob-space, data-availability already existed). All 6 new topics added to topicRelationships in src/data/relationships.ts with cross-links to existing coins/scams/glossary/trends. Stat updates: about page (37 → 43 Educational Topics, 280 → 283 Glossary Terms), llms.txt + llms-full.txt sections, start-here label, opengraph badge. Page count 314 → 320 (6 new learn-topic pages).
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Tier 1 Sessions 1.1 + 1.2 — 12 additional case studies (18 total)
Appended 12 case-study post-mortems to the /case-studies section, completing the Tier 1 case-studies roadmap at 18 entries. Session 1.1 (contagion cluster, 6 entries): celsius-network-insolvency (July 2022, ~$4.7B; Mashinsky DOJ indictment + guilty plea); three-arrows-capital-collapse (June 2022, ~$3.5B; Su Zhu arrest; trigger of broader lender cascade); blockfi-bankruptcy (Nov 2022, post-FTX cascade culmination; BIA / Wallet customer-asset distinction); genesis-trading-bankruptcy (Jan 2023, Gemini Earn cross-exposure; DCG $1B+ settlement); quadrigacx-collapse (Jan 2019, ~$190M CAD; OSC report concluded Ponzi structure pre-dating founder death); parity-multisig-freeze (Nov 2017, ~513K ETH still frozen; foundational lessons on initialiser guards + SELFDESTRUCT risk + EIP-999 rejection). Session 1.2 (DeFi exploits, 6 entries): nomad-bridge-exploit (Aug 2022, $190M; optimistic-bridge verification bug + free-for-all looting); multichain-collapse (July 2023, $130M+ stuck after CEO Zhaojun arrest; canonical key-person risk case); mango-markets-exploit (Oct 2022, $117M; Eisenberg oracle manipulation + April 2024 federal conviction); euler-finance-exploit (March 2023, $197M; donateToReserves bug + 80% recovery via on-chain negotiation); beanstalk-farms-governance-attack (April 2022, $182M; canonical flash-loan governance takeover); bitfinex-hack-and-recovery (Aug 2016 hack of 120K BTC + Feb 2022 DOJ Razzlekhan seizure of 94K BTC + 2024 Lichtenstein/Morgan sentencing). Each entry follows the established CaseStudy schema: 10-15 timeline events, 4-5 mechanism paragraphs, broader impact, 4-5 operational lessons, aftermath, 4 primary-source citations, 3 cross-links to existing courses + learn topics. Stat updates: about page (6 → 18 Case-Study Post-Mortems), llms.txt + llms-full.txt sections. Page count 302 → 314 (12 new case-study pages).
/case-studies/case-studies/celsius-network-insolvency/case-studies/three-arrows-capital-collapse/case-studies/blockfi-bankruptcy/case-studies/genesis-trading-bankruptcy/case-studies/quadrigacx-collapse/case-studies/parity-multisig-freeze/case-studies/nomad-bridge-exploit/case-studies/multichain-collapse/case-studies/mango-markets-exploit/case-studies/euler-finance-exploit/case-studies/beanstalk-farms-governance-attack/case-studies/bitfinex-hack-and-recovery - Added
Phase 4 Session 2 — 7 secondary jurisdictions added (14 total)
Appended 7 secondary regulatory jurisdictions to the /regulation section, completing the Phase 4 jurisdiction roadmap at 14 entries total. Same structural pattern as Session 1.4 (regulatory framework overview, exchange/VASP licensing, stablecoin rules, tax framework summary, AML/sanctions/travel-rule, retail-investor protections, on-chain reporting) with primary-source citations to official regulators and statutory texts. Each guide opens with the standard not-legal-or-tax-advice safety callout. New entries: united-arab-emirates (VARA + DFSA + FSRA tri-regulator framework, no personal income/CGT, federal AML tightening post-FATF grey-list); thailand (SEC Thailand under 2018 Emergency Decree, March 2022 crypto-as-payment ban, 15% withholding tax on profits); south-korea (Virtual Asset User Protection Act effective July 2024, real-name account framework, criminal penalties for market manipulation, capital gains tax deferred to 2027); australia (ASIC + AUSTRAC dual oversight, CGT framework with 50% discount, phased crypto-asset reform programme); brazil (Lei das Criptomoedas effective June 2023, BCB primary regulation, DREX CBDC retail pilot, 15-22.5% capital gains rates); canada (CSA provincial-securities-led framework, CSA Notice 21-329 + Pre-Registration Undertaking, FINTRAC MSB, 50% capital gains inclusion rate); india (PMLA + FIU-IND registration since March 2023, 30% flat tax on VDA gains + 1% TDS, RBI Digital Rupee retail rollout, no loss offset). Stat updates: about page (7 → 14 Regulatory Jurisdictions), llms.txt + llms-full.txt sections. Page count 295 → 302 (7 new jurisdiction pages).
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Phase 4 Session 1 — Regulation section launched with 7 major jurisdictions
Launched a new top-level Regulation section at /regulation with 7 initial jurisdiction guides covering the highest-traffic crypto markets. Each guide is a ~2000-word structured editorial covering: regulatory framework overview, exchange/VASP licensing, stablecoin rules, tax framework summary (NOT tax advice), AML/sanctions/travel-rule compliance, retail-investor protections, and on-chain reporting/monitoring expectations. Every entry cites the official regulator pages and statutory texts with primary-source links. Each guide opens with an explicit safety warning directing users to consult a qualified professional in-jurisdiction for any consequential decision. Initial 7 jurisdictions: United States (SEC + CFTC + FinCEN + OFAC + IRS + 50 state regulators; FIT21 Act framework + Genius Act stablecoin regime + Tornado Cash precedent); European Union / MiCA (EBA + ESMA + NCAs; full MiCA application from December 2024 + TFR Travel Rule + DAC8 tax reporting); United Kingdom (FCA + HMRC + Bank of England + PRA; FSMA 2023 framework + October 2023 financial promotions extension + phased stablecoin regime + Section 104 pooling); Japan (FSA + JVCEA + NTA; PSA crypto framework since 2017 + 97%+ cold-storage rule + miscellaneous-income tax + 2023 stablecoin EPI framework); Singapore (MAS + IRAS; PSA DPT licensing + post-Terra/Luna retail restrictions + 2023 stablecoin SCS framework + no CGT for non-traders); Hong Kong (SFC + HKMA + IRD; VATP regime since June 2023 + April 2024 spot BTC/ETH ETFs + 2024 Stablecoin Ordinance + retail access under safeguards); Switzerland (FINMA + Federal Tax Administration + SNB; 2018 token-categorisation + 2021 DLT Act + no individual CGT + wealth tax on holdings + crypto banks SEBA/Sygnum). New Jurisdiction + JurisdictionSection + JurisdictionSource + JurisdictionLaw types in src/types/index.ts. New /regulation/page.tsx index + /regulation/[country]/page.tsx detail route with ArticleSchema, SourcesList, Breadcrumbs, the renderInlineBold helper from the case-studies template, and an explicit not-legal-or-tax-advice safety callout at the top of every jurisdiction page. About page adds 'Regulatory Jurisdictions: 7' stat. Page count 287 → 295 (1 index + 7 jurisdictions). Remaining 7 secondary jurisdictions (UAE, Thailand, South Korea, Australia, Brazil, Canada, India) ship in Session 1.5.
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Phase 2 — Developer Introduction to Smart Contracts (course #10)
Launched the tenth and final full-length course: Developer Introduction to Smart Contracts — ten advanced lessons (~22 min each) plus a 15-question final quiz. Reading-focused rather than tutorial-coding-focused; the goal is the literacy to read existing contracts and audit reports critically. Lessons: (1) the EVM in plain English — stack, memory, storage, calldata, and gas accounting; (2) Solidity primer — value vs reference types, mapping semantics, modifiers, events, inheritance for critical reading; (3) the transaction lifecycle — signing, mempool, block-building, MEV, private order flow, flash-loan governance attacks; (4) reentrancy — checks-effects-interactions, ReentrancyGuard, cross-function and cross-contract and read-only variants, ERC-777/1155/721 callbacks; (5) arithmetic bugs — pre-0.8 overflow, `unchecked` blocks, fixed-point precision loss, decimals mismatch, ERC-4626 inflation attack; (6) access control — missing modifier (the most-exploited class), RBAC, ownership transfer pitfalls, EIP-712 signed messages, ecrecover quirks; (7) oracle and price manipulation — spot-from-single-pool failure mode, TWAPs, Chainlink/Pyth, the Mango pattern; (8) upgradeability — transparent vs UUPS proxies, storage layout collisions, the OpenZeppelin uninitialised-implementation bug, Wormhole post-mortem; (9) reading professional audit reports — Code4rena/Spearbit/Trail of Bits format, severity ratings, status codes, re-audits, deployed-vs-audited commit verification; (10) closing guided exploit walk-through — Phalcon and Tenderly, mapping bugs to classes, identifying the defence. Added 10 glossary entries (opcode, bytecode, solidity, access-control, proxy-pattern, uups, immutable-contract, oracle-attack, gas-griefing, checks-effects-interactions) — glossary now stands at 280 terms. Stub list is now empty: 10 of 10 courses published. Page count 276 → 287 (1 course landing + 10 lessons).
/courses/courses/developer-introduction-to-smart-contracts/courses/developer-introduction-to-smart-contracts/lesson-1-the-evm-in-plain-english/courses/developer-introduction-to-smart-contracts/lesson-2-solidity-primer/courses/developer-introduction-to-smart-contracts/lesson-3-transaction-lifecycle/courses/developer-introduction-to-smart-contracts/lesson-4-reentrancy/courses/developer-introduction-to-smart-contracts/lesson-5-arithmetic-bugs/courses/developer-introduction-to-smart-contracts/lesson-6-access-control/courses/developer-introduction-to-smart-contracts/lesson-7-oracle-manipulation/courses/developer-introduction-to-smart-contracts/lesson-8-upgradeability/courses/developer-introduction-to-smart-contracts/lesson-9-reading-audits/courses/developer-introduction-to-smart-contracts/lesson-10-exploit-walkthrough - Added
Phase 3 Session 2 — Case Studies section launched (6 initial post-mortems)
Launched a new top-level Case Studies section at /case-studies. Each entry is a structured editorial post-mortem with timeline, mechanism explanation, broader impact, operational lessons, aftermath, and primary-source citations. The initial 6 cases cover the most-cited failures in crypto history: FTX Collapse (Nov 2022, $8B+ customer funds + SBF conviction); TerraUSD (UST) & LUNA Collapse (May 2022, $40B+ market cap destroyed in 72 hours via algorithmic death spiral); Mt. Gox Collapse (Feb 2014, ~850K BTC missing + decade-long bankruptcy proceedings); The DAO Hack (June 2016, 3.6M ETH drained via reentrancy + the contentious hard fork that created ETH/ETC); Ronin Bridge Hack (March 2022, $625M largest crypto theft to date + Lazarus Group attribution); Wormhole Bridge Exploit (Feb 2022, $325M drained via signature-verification flaw + Jump Crypto's emergency backstop). Additional case studies (Celsius, 3AC, BlockFi, Nomad, Multichain, Mango, Euler, Beanstalk, Bitfinex hack/recovery, Parity multisig freeze, Genesis, QuadrigaCX) will be added in subsequent sessions. New CaseStudy type + side-bar timeline component + ArticleSchema + SourcesList integration. Page count 269 → 276 (1 index + 6 entries).
- Added
Phase 2 — Crypto News Literacy (course #9)
Launched the ninth full-length course: Crypto News Literacy — six beginner-level lessons (~20 min each) plus a 10-question final quiz. Covers why most crypto coverage is paid (and how to spot it on sight); how to read token-burn announcements against the underlying supply mechanics; honest interpretation of ETF inflow/outflow numbers including the basis-trade caveat most coverage omits; the pump-and-listing pattern around Tier-1 exchange listings and how to avoid being exit liquidity; the four types of 'partnership' announcement (MOU, marketing, integration, strategic/commercial) and which actually matter; and how to decode APY claims against the source of yield (fee yield vs emission yield vs Ponzi-shaped yield). Reader-protection skill course, not a stockpicking course. Added 3 glossary entries (etf-inflow, sponsored-content, pump-and-listing) — glossary now stands at 270 terms. 1 course remains in the stub list (Developer Introduction to Smart Contracts).
/courses/courses/crypto-news-literacy/courses/crypto-news-literacy/lesson-1-why-most-crypto-coverage-is-paid/courses/crypto-news-literacy/lesson-2-token-burns-explained/courses/crypto-news-literacy/lesson-3-etf-flows-honestly/courses/crypto-news-literacy/lesson-4-exchange-listings/courses/crypto-news-literacy/lesson-5-partnership-announcements/courses/crypto-news-literacy/lesson-6-apy-claims - Added
Phase 2 — Crypto Tax & Recordkeeping Basics (course #8)
Launched the eighth full-length course: Crypto Tax & Recordkeeping Basics — seven intermediate lessons (~20 min each) plus a 10-question final quiz. Covers the conceptual framework distinguishing taxable from non-taxable events (acquisition vs disposal vs receipt); cost-basis methods (FIFO, HIFO, specific identification, average cost, UK Section 104 pooling) and which jurisdictions permit which; real-time recordkeeping discipline (txhash, UTC timestamp, fiat values, transaction type, counterparty) that turns April from catastrophic reconstruction into a copy job; the US framework (IRS Notice 2014-21, Rev. Rul. 2019-24, 2025 1099-DA finalisation, Form 8949 / Schedule D / Schedule 1, wash-sale non-applicability); the UK framework (HMRC Cryptoassets Manual, Section 104 pooling with same-day + 30-day rules, DeFi Manual, annual CGT exemption); the EU framework (DAC8 effective 2026, MiCA regulatory layer, member-state variation across Germany's 1-year exemption, France's 30% PFU, Netherlands' Box 3, Portugal's structure, Spain, Italy); and a final lesson on hidden taxable events (airdrops, hard forks, DeFi swaps, LP token mints, NFT royalties, staking rewards, lending interest, wrapped tokens). Strict editorial rule: no personalised tax advice — every lesson includes a safetyWarning pointing readers to a qualified tax professional in their jurisdiction. Added 7 glossary entries (cost-basis, taxable-event, capital-gain, fifo, hifo, section-104, dac8) — glossary now stands at 267 terms. 2 courses remain in the stub list.
/courses/courses/crypto-tax-and-recordkeeping-basics/courses/crypto-tax-and-recordkeeping-basics/lesson-1-taxable-vs-non-taxable-events/courses/crypto-tax-and-recordkeeping-basics/lesson-2-cost-basis-methods/courses/crypto-tax-and-recordkeeping-basics/lesson-3-recordkeeping-discipline/courses/crypto-tax-and-recordkeeping-basics/lesson-4-united-states-framework/courses/crypto-tax-and-recordkeeping-basics/lesson-5-uk-framework/courses/crypto-tax-and-recordkeeping-basics/lesson-6-eu-framework/courses/crypto-tax-and-recordkeeping-basics/lesson-7-hidden-taxable-events - Improved
Phase 3 Session 1 — Source citations on every scam + cross-links across every learn topic
Structural quality lift across two large sections. Every one of the 35 scam pages now renders a 'Sources & further reading' block with 3-5 primary/secondary citations — FBI IC3 reports, FTC alerts, SEC and CFTC enforcement, NIST guidelines, Chainalysis crime reports, Global Anti-Scam Organization case files, and the relevant EIPs and protocol docs. Sources include the type badge (primary / secondary / contextual) so readers can weigh each citation appropriately. Separately, the cross-link map at src/data/relationships.ts was expanded from 10 learn topics to all 37 — the 27 previously-orphaned topics (consensus, daos-governance, bridges-crosschain, blockchain-security, exchanges, reading-charts, portfolio-management, reading-whitepapers, news-literacy, defi-risk, crypto-privacy, gas-fees, stablecoins-deep-dive, layer1-vs-layer2, how-to-defi, airdrops-guide, market-cycles, mev-explained, understanding-nfts, hardware-wallets, understanding-oracles, zero-knowledge-explained, transaction-anatomy, self-custody, crypto-taxes-by-country, ai-and-crypto, etf-institutional) now each carry 3-5 references to related coins, scams, glossary terms, tools, and emerging trends. The 'More Topics' / 'Related' sections at the bottom of each learn page now surface meaningful connections instead of an empty box. No new pages; pure quality improvement on existing content.
- Added
Phase 2 — On-Chain Research (course #7)
Launched the seventh full-length course: On-Chain Research — eight intermediate lessons (~22 min each) plus a 12-question final quiz. Covers block-explorer literacy (addresses, transactions, internal calls, event logs, calldata); the mempool as a public information surface plus private submission via Flashbots Protect / MEV-Share; decoding the four signature types (on-chain transactions, ERC-20 approvals, EIP-712 Permits, personal_sign) field-by-field; the proxy vs implementation distinction on Etherscan; ten token-contract red-flag patterns (mint, blacklist, hidden admin transfers, mutable fee-on-transfer, unlocked LP, theatrical ownership renunciation, function-selector mismatches, suspicious external calls, anti-bot honeypot logic); Dune dashboard skepticism and SQL-query reading; wash-trading and insider-wallet pattern detection; and a complete 30-minute pre-purchase research walk-through combining all of the above. Added 7 glossary entries (mempool, calldata, event-log, proxy-contract, internal-transaction, fee-on-transfer, contract-verification) — glossary now stands at 260 terms. 3 courses remain in the stub list.
/courses/courses/on-chain-research/courses/on-chain-research/lesson-1-block-explorer-literacy/courses/on-chain-research/lesson-2-mempool-and-pending-state/courses/on-chain-research/lesson-3-approvals-and-signatures-revisited/courses/on-chain-research/lesson-4-verified-contracts-and-proxies/courses/on-chain-research/lesson-5-token-contract-red-flags/courses/on-chain-research/lesson-6-dune-dashboards-and-sql-literacy/courses/on-chain-research/lesson-7-wash-trading-and-insider-wallets/courses/on-chain-research/lesson-8-pre-purchase-walkthrough - Added
Phase 2 — DeFi Safety Course (course #6)
Launched the sixth full-length course: DeFi Safety Course — eight intermediate lessons (~22 min each) plus a 12-question final quiz. Covers AMM math and the structural differences between Uniswap V2/V3/V4, Curve StableSwap, and Balancer; lending markets (Aave, Compound, Morpho) with collateral-factor and health-factor mechanics; how to read audit reports critically (severity classifications, what audits cover, what they routinely miss); the four exploit classes that account for most DeFi losses (reentrancy, flash-loan price manipulation, oracle manipulation, governance attacks) with named case studies (DAO, Curve, Mango, Beanstalk, Cream); oracle design (Chainlink, TWAP, Pyth) and the manipulation conditions for each; bridge exploits at mechanism level (Ronin $625M, Wormhole $325M, Harmony $100M, Multichain $130M+, Nomad $190M); impermanent loss and LVR with the actual math; and a 10-item pre-deposit checklist for any DeFi allocation. Added 6 glossary entries (twap, collateral-factor, governance-attack, audit-report, reentrancy) — glossary now stands at 253 terms. 4 courses remain in the stub list.
/courses/courses/defi-safety-course/courses/defi-safety-course/lesson-1-amms-explained/courses/defi-safety-course/lesson-2-lending-markets/courses/defi-safety-course/lesson-3-reading-audits/courses/defi-safety-course/lesson-4-the-exploit-catalogue/courses/defi-safety-course/lesson-5-oracle-design/courses/defi-safety-course/lesson-6-bridges-revisited/courses/defi-safety-course/lesson-7-impermanent-loss/courses/defi-safety-course/lesson-8-pre-deposit-checklist - Added
Phase 2 — Stablecoins & Payments (course #5)
Launched the fifth full-length course: Stablecoins & Payments — seven intermediate lessons (~22 min each) plus a 10-question final quiz. Covers the three structural stablecoin designs (fiat-backed, crypto-collateralized, algorithmic) and how to identify the family at first read; the technical and substantive difference between attestations and full audits; the two most-studied depeg events (TerraUSD May 2022 death-spiral collapse and USDC/SVB March 2023 72-hour recovery) and why one was structural-terminal while the other was a resolvable counterparty event; where stablecoin payments genuinely outperform fiat rails (cross-border remittance corridors with functioning ramp infrastructure, B2B crypto-native settlement, payroll in unstable-currency jurisdictions) versus where the marketing exceeds the substance; the four major regulatory regimes (MiCA, NYDFS, MAS PS Act, UK FSMA) and how they're converging on common reserve-and-redemption requirements; the seven-layer risk stack underneath a single 'USDC' balance (issuer, contract, chain, bridge, custody, jurisdiction, sanctions); and a final synthesis on reading stablecoin claims structurally rather than via marketing language. Added 5 glossary entries (stablecoin, depeg, attestation-report, collateralization-ratio, redemption-mechanism) — glossary now stands at 248 terms. 5 courses remain in the stub list.
/courses/courses/stablecoins-and-payments/courses/stablecoins-and-payments/lesson-1-the-three-designs/courses/stablecoins-and-payments/lesson-2-attestations-vs-audits/courses/stablecoins-and-payments/lesson-3-depegs-in-depth/courses/stablecoins-and-payments/lesson-4-stablecoin-payments/courses/stablecoins-and-payments/lesson-5-regulatory-frameworks/courses/stablecoins-and-payments/lesson-6-counterparty-and-chain-risk/courses/stablecoins-and-payments/lesson-7-use-cases-vs-marketing - Added
Phase 2 — Scam Defense & Recovery Evidence Course (course #4)
Launched the fourth full-length course: Scam Defense & Recovery Evidence — eight intermediate lessons (~22 min each) collapsing the 35 documented scam patterns into five operational adversary families, then walking through pig-butchering's six-stage script, drainer-signature mechanics from the victim's perspective, fake-support and impersonation patterns, the first-24-hours irreversible window, evidence preservation forensics (with capture half-life), report-filing that triggers exchange-compliance freezes and joins pattern databases, and the recovery-scam ecosystem that arrives within hours of any compromise becoming public. 12-question final quiz (9/12 to pass). Added 4 glossary entries (pig-butchering, address-poisoning, money-mule, recovery-scam) — glossary now stands at 243 terms. 6 courses remain in the stub list.
/courses/courses/scam-defense-and-recovery/courses/scam-defense-and-recovery/lesson-1-the-five-macro-families/courses/scam-defense-and-recovery/lesson-2-pig-butchering-in-depth/courses/scam-defense-and-recovery/lesson-3-drainer-attacks-from-a-victims-view/courses/scam-defense-and-recovery/lesson-4-impersonation-and-social-engineering-at-scale/courses/scam-defense-and-recovery/lesson-5-the-first-24-hours/courses/scam-defense-and-recovery/lesson-6-evidence-preservation-forensics/courses/scam-defense-and-recovery/lesson-7-reporting-that-goes-somewhere/courses/scam-defense-and-recovery/lesson-8-the-recovery-scam-wave - Added
Phase 2 — Self-Custody Masterclass (course #3)
Launched the third full-length course: Self-Custody Masterclass — eight intermediate lessons (~22 min each) on the cryptography and operational discipline behind holding your own keys properly. Covers the custody decision (four real choices, not two), BIP-39 entropy and seed generation, BIP-32 hierarchical deterministic wallets and the 'wrong path on restore' trap, BIP-39 passphrases and plausible deniability done right, backup architectures (paper / metal / SLIP-39 / multi-location), 2-of-3 multisig for individuals (with the wallet-descriptor backup discipline), inheritance and incapacity planning that survives probate, and the realistic assessment of supply-chain and wrench attacks. 12-question final quiz (9/12 to pass). Added 12 glossary entries (bip-32, bip-39, bip-44, slip-39, passphrase, hd-wallet, derivation-path, entropy, mnemonic, decoy-wallet, plausible-deniability, secure-element) — glossary now stands at 239 terms. 7 courses remain in the stub list.
/courses/courses/self-custody-masterclass/courses/self-custody-masterclass/lesson-1-the-custody-decision/courses/self-custody-masterclass/lesson-2-entropy-and-seeds/courses/self-custody-masterclass/lesson-3-hd-wallets-and-derivation-paths/courses/self-custody-masterclass/lesson-4-passphrases-done-right/courses/self-custody-masterclass/lesson-5-backup-architectures/courses/self-custody-masterclass/lesson-6-multisig-for-individuals/courses/self-custody-masterclass/lesson-7-inheritance-and-incapacity/courses/self-custody-masterclass/lesson-8-supply-chain-and-operational-paranoia - Added
Phase 2 — Crypto Security Bootcamp (course #2)
Launched the second full-length course: Crypto Security Bootcamp — eight intermediate lessons (~20 min each) on threat modelling, phishing-resistant 2FA, hardware wallets without blind-signing, the weekly token-approval audit, phishing & social engineering patterns, device/browser/network hygiene, exchange-account security, and the first-60-minutes incident-response playbook. Includes a 12-question final quiz (9/12 to pass), per-lesson mini-quizzes, primary-source links on every lesson, glossary cross-links, and a downloadable completion summary on pass. No financial advice, no preferred wallet/exchange, no affiliate links. Added 3 glossary entries (sim-swap, social-engineering, wallet-drainer) — glossary now stands at 227 terms. 8 courses remain in the stub list.
/courses/courses/crypto-security-bootcamp/courses/crypto-security-bootcamp/lesson-1-the-threat-model/courses/crypto-security-bootcamp/lesson-2-2fa-done-right/courses/crypto-security-bootcamp/lesson-3-hardware-wallets-in-practice/courses/crypto-security-bootcamp/lesson-4-token-approvals/courses/crypto-security-bootcamp/lesson-5-phishing-and-social-engineering/courses/crypto-security-bootcamp/lesson-6-device-and-network-hygiene/courses/crypto-security-bootcamp/lesson-7-exchange-account-security/courses/crypto-security-bootcamp/lesson-8-incident-response - Added
Phase 2 — Courses system + first complete course
Launched /courses with a full lesson + final-quiz framework. The first course — Crypto Beginner: 7-Day Course — is live with 7 plain-English lessons (~12-15 min each), a 10-question final quiz, key-terms cross-linked to the glossary, primary-source links per lesson, lesson-complete tracking via localStorage, and a downloadable completion summary on quiz pass. 9 additional courses are scoped and listed as 'Coming soon' on the index. New components: Course/CourseLesson/CourseFinalQuiz data types, CourseSchema JSON-LD, LessonMiniQuiz, CourseFinalQuiz. Homepage 'Learn the Basics' CTA now points at the new course. Footer + nav updated.
/courses/courses/crypto-beginner-7-day/courses/crypto-beginner-7-day/day-1-what-is-crypto/courses/crypto-beginner-7-day/day-2-wallets-and-private-keys/courses/crypto-beginner-7-day/day-3-coin-vs-token-categories/courses/crypto-beginner-7-day/day-4-the-5-scams-you-must-recognise/courses/crypto-beginner-7-day/day-5-stablecoins-and-real-uses/courses/crypto-beginner-7-day/day-6-the-security-routine/courses/crypto-beginner-7-day/day-7-what-comes-next - Improved
Trust, freshness, and data-integrity fixes
Corrected residual "5 minutes" market-refresh claims on methodology, compare, and terms pages (actual implementation is 15 minutes / 900s). Replaced the homepage "Peer Reviewed" trust badge with "Editorially Reviewed" — we will only re-introduce "Peer Reviewed" when content is reviewed by named external experts. Live price widgets now show a relative "Updated N min ago" timestamp; when the CoinGecko API is unavailable, the widget falls back to clearly-labelled "Example data" with an amber border instead of silently showing stale numbers. Added two new shared components: <SourcesList> (renders a labelled Primary/Secondary/Contextual sources section) and inline "Report an error" links on ~20 additional content pages. Extended <PageMeta> with nextReviewDue and contentType (evergreen / fast-moving / regulatory / market-data) so each page advertises its review cadence.
- Improved
Migration from Netlify to self-hosted (Hetzner + Coolify)
Site moved from Netlify to a self-hosted Hetzner Cloud VPS (Nuremberg, EU) running Coolify. Cloudflare sits in front as CDN/DNS. Build is now a multi-stage Docker image (Node 20 alpine → Next standalone start). Removed netlify.toml and @netlify/plugin-nextjs dev dependency. Updated privacy policy to disclose Hetzner + Cloudflare as data processors instead of Netlify.
- Improved
Site-wide accessibility, schema, and trust signals
Added skip-to-content link, BreadcrumbList JSON-LD on 9 more pages, Article/CollectionPage/HowTo schema on 11 more pages, /changelog and /start-here pages, and inline 'Report an error' UI on every content page. Corrected residual count claims (37 learn topics, 27 emerging trends).
- Added
Six new learn topics
Added in-depth learn topics: Zero-Knowledge Proofs Explained, Transaction Anatomy (UTXO vs account, gas, RBF/CPFP), Self-Custody (BIP-39, Shamir, multisig, inheritance), Crypto Tax Rules by Country (US 1099-DA, UK Section 104, EU DAC8), AI Meets Crypto, and Bitcoin ETFs & Institutional Crypto.
- Improved
Expanded existing topics
crypto-privacy now covers ERC-5564 stealth addresses, address reuse risks, and jurisdiction-specific privacy-tool legality. mev-explained covers MEV-Share, Order Flow Auctions, and private mempool setup. bridges-crosschain catalogues Harmony Horizon ($100M, June 2022) and Multichain ($130M+, July 2023) hacks.
- Fixed
Corrected scam statistics with primary source attribution
Replaced unattributed '$17B global losses' with FBI IC3-attributed $12.5B US crypto fraud losses (2024). Clarified that $5.6B is total US crypto fraud (FBI IC3 2023 report) while $3.96B is the investment-fraud subset. Updated quiz question #14 with correct sourcing.
- Added
New interactive tools
Launched Scam Triage Wizard (/scam-checker), Scam Scenario Lab (/scam-lab) with 6 realistic scam scenarios, Token Red Flag Analyzer (/tools/token-red-flags) with 20-item checklist, Wallet Chooser (/tools/wallet-chooser) wizard, and Bridge Safety Guide (/tools/bridge-safety).
- Added
Programmatic comparison and buy guides
Added 19 'Coin vs Coin' comparison pages (e.g., /compare/bitcoin-vs-ethereum) with live market data, technical comparison tables, and FAQ schema. Added 16 'How to Buy [Coin] Safely' guides at /buy/[coin].
- Added
Editorial trust pages
Published /editorial-standards (six principles, four-step review process, content review schedule) and /correction-policy (correction types, 48-hour review SLA). Added Post-Scam Response Center at /post-scam.
- Improved
API efficiency
Reduced CoinGecko API calls per revalidation cycle from 92 to ~2 by routing all coin-price requests through a single batch URL (Next.js Data Cache deduplicates the shared URL across 90 coin pages, the comparison page, and homepage). Increased revalidation interval from 5 minutes to 15 minutes. Projected monthly usage went from worst-case ~795k calls to ~5,760 — well inside the 100k Demo plan budget.
- Fixed
Migration from Vercel to Netlify
Site moved to Netlify hosting with auto-deploy via GitHub webhook + SSH deploy key. Updated privacy policy hosting reference. Configured Cloudflare DNS, custom domain, SSL.
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